1. El Deber Legal de Rehusar Órdenes Ilegales.
La ley militar de EE. UU., particularmente el Código Uniforme de Justicia Militar (UCMJ), establece claramente que los miembros del servicio tienen la obligación de desobedecer órdenes que son manifiestamente ilegales o inconstitucionales, especialmente aquellas que constituyen crímenes de guerra.
- Service members have a legal duty to refuse to carry out orders that are manifestly unlawful.
- The ucmj is clear obeying a blatantly illegal order is a crime.
- The duty to refuse illegal orders is a cornerstone of military law, recognized by the nuremberg principles and codified in the ucmj.
2. El Precedente de Núremberg y la Responsabilidad Individual.
El principio de que "solo seguía órdenes" no es una defensa válida para cometer atrocidades fue firmemente establecido durante los juicios de Núremberg después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Este principio subraya la agencia moral y la responsabilidad personal de cada soldado.
- The nuremberg trials after world war ii made it clear that just following orders isnt a valid excuse for committing war crimes.
- The nuremberg defense of just following orders didnt work for the nazis who committed war crimes.
- The principle that just following orders is not a valid defense for illegal actions was established during the nuremberg trials of nazi war criminals.
3. Consecuencias y Riesgos de Cumplir Órdenes Ilegales.
Los miembros del servicio que cumplen órdenes manifiestamente ilegales, como aquellas que resultan en crímenes de guerra o asesinato, enfrentan graves consecuencias legales, incluyendo la posibilidad de ser procesados por tribunales militares (court-martial), tribunales estadounidenses o internacionales, sin importar la defensa de obediencia.
- Following a patently illegal order is not a valid defense in a court-martial or war crimes tribunal, a principle often colloquially referred to as the nuremberg defense.
- Soldiers need to be constantly reminded that obeying an illegal order can lead to court-martial for war crimes.
- Everyone in this chain, particularly the officers and especially an admiral, should have known it was a facially unlawful order, under any legal framework.